Topical administration to mucous membranes or skin. When administering a drug, the nurse should ensure that the pharmaceutical preparation is appropriate for the route specified. The six rights of safe medication administration wa health. Read the label of the drug carefully before administering a drug to the patient. Routes of drug administration pharmacology 3571 with. The duration of action for various routes of drug administration is differ because the difference of rate of absorption of drug, amount of drug which been absorbed into the blood plasma and difference rate of metabolism and elimination of drug through the various of drug administration. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Routes of drug administration refer to the right path or the required route through which a drug has to be administered into the body to obtain maximum benefit. Jun 10, 2015 major routes of drug administration include enteral, parenteral, and topical among others.
R outes of drug a dministration to laboratory a nimals common routes. The aim of this research was to determine and compare the distribution by sex and age of pharyngoamygdalitis cases and analyze quantitatively and qualitatively the applied treatments in hospitals. Bds medication administration curriculum section iv 2011. Oftentimes physicians need to change the route of administration of opioid analgesics. Termination of effect, metabolism andor elimination what does kinetic or kinetics refer to. A drug given parenterally is one given by a route other than the mouth topical dosage forms are considered separately. It will provide you a complete journey through the routes of drug administration, with all the basics covered i hope this presentation will make your fundament. Cavagnaro, in nonclinical development of novel biologics, biosimilars, vaccines and specialty biologics, 20. Aerosols localtopical route of drug administration in this route the drug is applied on the skin. Phar 7633 chapter 7 routes of drug administration oral po oral administration will be covered in more detail in subsequent chapters.
Routes of drug administration to laboratory animals. The possible routes of drug entry into the body may be divided into two classes. Oral route is the most common route of drug administration. Summary this echapter has an introduction to pharmacology and drug nomenclature followed by a detailed discussion of routes of administration starting with oral administration with absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, and first pass liver metabolism. Kao, md, phd pain management is a critical competency in medicine especially when palliation, and not treating the underlying disease, is the physicians focus. Routes of medication administration oral route also called per oral in this route as the name indicates drug is. Introduction medication is transferred into the bodys tissues in one of three ways. Is the administration of a drug orally or by inhalation parenteral any medication route outside the intestines or alimentary canal, such as intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, or mucosal. The intrathecal route is used because the bloodbrain barrier often precludes or slows the entrance of drugs into the central nervous system.
Feb 05, 2015 routes of drug administration the route of administration roa that is chosen may have a profound effect upon the speed and efficiency with which the drug acts important info 8. Swallowed through the mouth into the stomach and digestive tract b. The magnitude of the difference in maximum metabolite concentration is directly proportional to the hepatic clearance of drug due to firstpass metabolite production. In order to administer medications independently you must pass. A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied.
Inhalation is a very old method of drug delivery, and in the 20th century it became a mainstay of respiratory care, known as aerosol therapy. The path taken by the drug to get into the body is known as the route of drug administration. One method of classifying routes of administration is enteral and parenteral. Alternative routes of drug administration transdermal. Routes of drug administration the route of administration roa that is chosen may have a profound effect upon the speed and efficiency with which the drug acts 8. This is quite interesting and is studied as part of pharmacology course in medicine. Most drugs available today can be administered by mouth orally. Inhalation administration involves inhaling of a drug in gas or liquid form.
Come browse our large digital warehouse of free sample essays. Absorption after oral administration can be quite variable. Effect of route of administration and distribution on drug. Route of administration should address three basic criteria. Specialist, regulatory affairs 901 marcon boulevard allentown, pa 18109 re. This standard provides for all routes of administration for drugs. Routes of drug administration the route of administration roa that is chosen may have a profound effect upon the speed and efficiency with which the drug acts important info 8. The drug may be swallowed, allowing oral delivery, or it may be placed under the tongue sublingual or between the gums and cheek buccal, facilitating direct absorption into the bloodstream. Rapid injections are used to treat epileptic seizures, acute asthma, or cardiac arrhythmias. The production of this text has raised many questions concerning the data available relating to this method of medication administration.
Oral route oral refers to two methods of administration. A method in which a drug is taken into the body listed from slowest to fastest. Most drugs can be administered by a variety of routes. Drug absorption factors which influence the rate of absorption types of transport the physicochemical properties of the drug protein binding routes of administration dosage forms circulation at the site of absorption concentration of the drug 3.
Routes of drug administration practice questions medical. But why do doctors need this many routes of medication administration. Is the administration of a drug orally or by inhalation. Intradermal or intracutaneous into the dermal layer of the skin. Study 28 routes of drug administration flashcards from chelsea t. The three main parenteral routes of drug administration are iv, im, and sc, and in all cases administration is usually via a hollow needle. Drug begins breaking down in the stomach and is absorbed into the. The aim of this research was to determine and compare the distribution by sex and age of pharyngoamygdalitis cases and analyze quantitatively and qualitatively the applied treatments in. Aug 05, 2019 the various ways of administering a drug or other chemical to a site in a patient or animal from where the chemical is absorbed into the blood and. The patient has the right to receive the proper medication and have that medication administered using the best route to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. Drugs which are rapidly cleared by hepatic processes will show a decreased extent of availability following oral administration due to metabolism of drug on its first pass through the liver.
Rapid onset of action due to rapid access to circulation. It is the simplest mode of administration of a drug at the site where the desired action is required. Apr 01, 2012 it will provide you a complete journey through the routes of drug administration, with all the basics covered i hope this presentation will make your fundament. Routes can also be classified based on where the target of action is. While there are many issues to consider when giving medication, including myriad routes and sites of drug administration, this lesson will only focus on the principal ones so youre not. Start studying medication administration lecture notes. Oral administration po, ingestion of a drug by mouth and into the gastrointestinal tract, is one way by which a drug can be taken. This route of administration achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin, usually via a transdermal medicated adhesive patch. According to the institute of medicine of the national academies, medication errors are among the most common medical errors, harming at least. Routes of drug administration covers topics about parenteral and enteral routes of drug administration. Routes of medication administration oral route also called per oral in this route as the name indicates drug is taken by mouth.
Phar 7633 chapter 7 routes of drug administration intravenous iv drugs may be given into a peripheral vein over 1 to 2 minutes or longer by infusion. Justification for route and method of administration for preclinical studies. Medications are made to help us, but they can harm us if taken incorrectly. Emergency or the impossibility of intake by mouth makes the parenteral route necessary. Routes of administration and dosage forms veterinary manual. The best route depends on a number of factors that include the nature of the medication and the patients condition. Learn how drugs are administered and why its important to do it the right way.
Routes of administration of a drug are determined by its physical and chemical properties, patient characteristics and the rapidity of response desired. Rspt 2317 sympathomimetics part 2 3 routes of administration parenteral administration intravenous administration has been used most often with isoproterenol and albuterol may be of benefit since by this route the drug is available to all areas of. Major routes of drug administration include enteral, parenteral, and topical among others. Drug administration drugs msd manual consumer version. How to change routes of administration of opioids by audiey c. This is followed by a discussion of rectal, sublingual and injection routes of. Depending on the consistency of the inactive substances, the. This article deals with the salient features, advantages and disadvantages of some of the alternative routes of drug administration transdermal, pulmonary and parenteral routes. Route of administration an overview sciencedirect topics. The book discusses the anatomy and physiology of administration sites. To obtain a general effect, the drug is usually given by oral or parenteral route. Route of administration plays a significant role in the incidence of hypersensitivity as iv administration causes a significant number of hypersensitive responses 643% whereas im or subcutaneous routes cause far lower incidences 614%. A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid. A route of drug administration is the path by which a drug or other substance is brought into contact with the body.
Medication administration lecture notes flashcards quizlet. Drugs are introduced into the body by several routes. It may be in the form of tablets, capsules, syrup, emulsions. Routes of drug administration ppt pdf 10 routes of drug. The various ways of administering a drug or other chemical to a site in a patient or animal from where the chemical is absorbed into the blood and. Routes of administration parenteral administration intravenous administration has been used most often with isoproterenol and albuterol may be of benefit since by this route the drug is available to all areas of the lung and not just the ventilated areas. Routes of drug administration folsom cordova unified. In this administration the drug is administered in the gaseous form. Drug administration drugs merck manuals consumer version. The rate of absorption can vary markedly, depending on the physical characteristics of the drug lipid soluble and skin at the site of application. Routes of drug administration practice questions medical estudy. The intrathecal route involves the administration of a drug directly into the spine subarachnoid space as in spinal anesthesia.
Gastrointestinal oral per os through the mouth gavage into the stomach via a tube or gavage needle rectal per rectum into the rectum via the anus npo nil per os nothing by mouth. Strict aseptic precautions should be taken while giving injections. The chemical structure and nature of a drug may determine which route of administration can be used for. The choice of appropriate route in a given situation depends both on drug as well as patient related factors. Identify sample pharmaceutical agents as to dosage form and. Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. Parenteral route of administration and dosage forms a drug given parenterally is one given by a route other than the mouth topical dosage forms are considered separately. Use of inhaled epinephrine for relief of asthma was reported as early as 1929, in england. Routes of drug administration to laboratory animals authorstream. Routes of administration and dosage forms pharmacology. Oral drug administration produces a triphasic metabolite concentrationtime profile whereas only two phases are discernable after intravenous drug administration. Care should be taken to avoid needlestick injuries, which may transmit infections, e.
Dosage form design may also be used modify the rate of absorption. Systemic absorption of a drug depends on its physicochemical properties, the nature of the dosage form on which it is included and the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the site of. The extent and time course of drug action can be markedly affected by the route of drug administration into the patient as well as the pattern of drug distribution within the patient. Know the different drug administration routes as oral, rectal, parenteral, inhalation, dermal and mucosal. Drugs applied to the skin are usually used for their local effects and thus are most commonly used to treat superficial skin disorders, such as psoriasis, eczema, skin infections viral, bacterial, and fungal, itching, and dry skin. Get the knowledge you need in order to pass your classes and more.
304 1130 1511 291 690 998 190 1327 333 246 794 590 590 272 974 322 877 308 919 41 308 1537 840 1012 529 190 1057 71 380 714 242 64 409 309 1375 891 947 1308 1229 900 325 1075 1361 510 141 1096